Platelet-derived factor and regeneration medicine
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Dr. Hussain Habibi,1,* Mina Ghorbani Mazar,2 Negar Mohammadi Hoseini Ei,3 Saba Samadi,4 Sabra Moghaddam,5
1. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
3. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
4. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
5. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Introduction: Human platelets lysate (HPL) is a cell-free biological substance, rich in protein, growth factor, cytokines, and chemokines, which is mainly produced from obsolete human platelet concentrates and is used in cell growth and proliferation. It is also a good alternative to bovine fetal serum and bFGF.
These cells do not stimulate tumor growth in the body, and having human origins reduces the safety and infectious concerns of bovine-derived substances. Platelet lysate (PL) has more growth factors and is cheaper and easier than other hemoderivative agents, but because the half-life of PL is short and the variety of growth factors between different donors is high, the clinical application of PL is limited.
It is difficult to maintain PL and growth factors in the tissue because they dissolve in the blood a few days after injection.
PL is used clinically in surgical treatments for soft and hard tissue defects and in wound healing, bone regeneration, alopecia, oral mucositis, radiculitis pain, osteoarthritis, eye diseases.PL is also used in cell culture and for transplantation purposes.
- Methods: This article is an overview of platelet lysates and their applications in biotechnology. The search was performed by combining the keywords platelets, platelet lysates, biotechnology, blood products, etc. in various databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Our searches have been from 2020 to 2022 and newer information has been considered. The result of at least 30 articles was extracted by each researcher individually and discussed. Finally, the data collected by the authors were analyzed, shared, edited, and critiqued if necessary.
- Results: Studies show that HPL can be more beneficial than PRP because it does not block blood vessels.
HPL is currently the most promising human cell culture replacement supplement for FBS and has been used for mesenchymal and endothelial progenitor cell proliferation for more than a decade.
Studies show that HPL can be more beneficial than PRP because it does not block blood vessels.
Growth factors and various factors in PL are essential in wound healing, nerve repair, bone regeneration, angiogenesis, migration, and cell adhesion, and these are the factors that make PL effective.
There are several reasons for the various effects of PL, including the use of different materials, pH changes, the method of preparing PL, and the use of autologous or non-autologous PL.
PL for the treatment of diseases such as alopecia, infertility after chemotherapy, wound healing, periodontal defects, oral mucositis (due to PDGF), osteoarthritis (due to increased chondrocyte cell proliferation and mesenchymal stem cells), GVHD (supplement for stem cell proliferation) And transplantation in patients resistant to corticosteroids), in bone regeneration (due to the presence of growth factors, adhesive molecules and cytokines), eye disease (effective in repairing corneal damage, nerve cell regeneration), in therapeutic cells (reducing cell culture time and increasing Cell production) is useful.
However, PL may reduce the immunosuppressive effect of mesenchymal stem cells. The presence of fibrinogen in PL may have adverse effects on the modulation of mesenchymal stem cell immunity. High growth factors can cause some side effects such as excessive angiogenesis and corneal fibrosis.
- Conclusion: Evidence suggests that HPL has the potential to become a standard product for tissue engineering as well as for regenerative purposes as a pure orthobiologics. While no serious side effects have been reported in the clinical use of HPL, further studies and standardization are still needed to obtain the best version of this advanced cell-free product, and this product should be used with caution.
Human platelet lysis can be considered as a suitable alternative to other blood products such as PRP, platelet gel and human serum. However, pathogen inactivation methods (especially virus reduction) may be required, elimination steps to improve the safety of cell therapy products and assess risk with epidemiology. There is also a need to include blood bank rules and standardization of consumables. In general, its preparation should be standardized. Finally, using a set of healthy donors can minimize individual diversity.
More research is needed to better understand the performance of PL in other parts of the body, including the femur and various species. It is also suggested that all materials in PL should be properly weighed to determine the impact of each factor for different applications.
- Keywords: HPL, Growth factors, platelet, PRP, FBS
