CRISPR Cas Technique: A New Way of Genetic Disorder Treatment
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Saeed Dorgaleleh,1,*
1. Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics
- Introduction: Modification of defective and non-functional genes is called gene therapy. This therapeutic phenomenon was first proposed in 1990 by Rosenbey et al. There are various genes therapy techniques such as Crispr and Lenticular Viral Transmission System. In the Crispr technique, Mendelian genetic diseases were at the forefront of treatment. The latest findings of gene therapy researchers were treatment in patients with beta-thalassemia major and tuberculosis anemia. However, this method has been used to treat cancer binaries, diabetes, and the production of recombinant vaccines. It has also been used in the rapid diagnosis of Covid-19 patients.
Diabetes treatment
With Crispr cas 9 methods, multipotent germ cells called CyT59 can be used to transform and transform pancreatic islet cells; Consequently, it was used to treat type 1 diabetes (T1D). This action takes us one step towards achieving an effective treatment for type 1 diabetes to target immune cells that destroy insulin-producing cells in the pancreas; Treat this type of autoimmune disorder.
Production of new antibiotics with the help of Crispr
With the help of Crisper, a mutation can be made in bacteria and actinomycetes without the need to break double-stranded DNA. This failure causes weakness and instability in the bacterial genome, forcing it to rearrange the gene and, in some cases, remove much of its chromosome; In this way, new bioactive and antibiotics can be produced against them.
Preventing the progression of throat cancer with the help of Crispr
Researchers at the University of Griffith in Australia used CrisprK9 to treat neck cancer with the papillomavirus, or HPV, in mice. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the leading cause of most throat cancers. The virus inserts two specific genes, E1 and E1, into the human genome that can cause cancer, which is the best target for Crisper. Crisper tracks a specific DNA section containing cancer genes, cuts it, and then removes it and replaces it with a benign, harmless agent. In this example, scientists instead of adding more information distorts the gene; Nanoparticles find cancer in cancer cells and expose it to some DNA The excess that causes misreading and then stops the protein from being made. This is similar to adding an extra word to a word that the editor does not recognize. In this experiment, the crisper set was placed inside the nanoparticles, and then the mixture was injected into infected mice. The results were amazing; The tumors in the treated mice completely disappeared, and the animals survived. Mice also showed no signals or side effects such as inflammation. This method's possible side effects include altering genes that have not been studied, and occurring Signs of silent mutations noted. It is hoped that with the advancement of technology in this field, Crisper can be used to treat a variety of cancers.
Crispr: A way to fight RNA viruses
Many incurable diseases have viral causes, including Ebola, Zika, and the flu. A team of researchers at MIT and Harvard University has tested the CRISPR RNA-Cutinary enzyme method on an antiviral agent that can be programmed to detect and destroy RNA viruses in human cells. Researchers have previously used the Cas11 enzyme as a tool for cutting and editing RNA and as a detection method to track the presence of viruses, bacteria and other targets. This study is one of the first uses of KAS11 on cultured human cells. Researchers have combined Cas11 antiviral activity to detect and track it and use a new system that can be used to diagnose and treat viral infections, including infections with a newly discovered viral agent. They call it (CARVER; The 11-or-11-Casin-Assisted Restriction of Viral Expression Readout is called viral expression and readout. Human pathogenic viruses are very diverse and adapt to their environment continuously and without the need for any viruses, which emphasizes both the challenge and the need for flexible antiviral drugs. CARVER has been established as a fast programmable detection method and anti-virus technology for a wide variety of viruses. The need for a new antivirus is essential. Over the last 50 years, 95 clinical antiviral drugs have been developed that can cure only 9 diseases, and this is also important; Pathogenic viruses evolve rapidly and change their genome and adapt to their environment, resulting in their resistance to the drugs produced. Case 11 enzyme naturally targets viral RNA within bacteria; For this reason, this enzyme can be used as an antiviral therapy to target specific sequences and sequences of low-restriction RNA and its relatively easy access into, including human cells. In this study, scientists after screening RNAs Viral, looking for duplicate sequences that were least likely to mutate during cutting; In order to disable the virus, they did. Case 11 can program for almost any part of the virus, but due to the wide variety of viral species and the occurrence of rapid genomic changes called viral evolution, there is a possibility of error in selecting the incision site, which can be ineffective at best. So far, thousands of sites in the hundreds of thousands of viruses that have been targeted by 11 people; has been identified. In this study, the activity of ces11 in human cells infected with one of the distinct RNA viruses was investigated; Lymphocytic Chriomeningitis Virus (LCMV), which is a positive single-stranded adenovirus, influenza A or IAV virus, and blister virus and VSV first expresses the Case-11 gene and, with the help of a synthetic and engineered RNA guide, enters the culture medium and after 95 hours is exposed to viruses and after 95. Another hour Cas11 enzymes reduced viral RNA levels in cultured cells twisted more than 55 times.
- Methods: By searching in various databases.
- Results: e Cas9 system can be used in a wide range of genomic manipulations. Genetic manipulation generally refers to all the processes that target and modify genes within a cell. Genetic manipulation is the basis of many scientific, biotechnological, food and human activities. Establishment of more than 42 major companies in the United States, Europe and Asia since 2015, focusing on treating human genetic diseases using Crisper-Case 9 technology, promising new horizons in treating deadly genetic diseases such as muscular dystrophy or viral infections such as HIV and hepatitis.
- Conclusion: With Crispr's advanced and precise technique, a dramatic revolution in treating diseases has taken place.
In this method, we hope that common multifactorial diseases will also be treated in addition to monogenic diseases.
- Keywords: CRISPR; TREATMENT: MENDELIAN DISORDERS
