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    Stem cells and their role in the treatment of diabetes (insulin production)

  • Mobina Izi,1,*
    1. Islamic Azad university Roudehen branch


  • Introduction: Diabetes is the most common endocrine disease. The lifelong need for frequent blood sugar monitoring, insulin injections, and dietary restrictions are highly undesirable and annoying for diabetic patients. On the other hand, treating the complications of diabetes imposes a lot of financial burden on society. In the last decade, pancreatic islet transplantation has been widely considered a potential treatment for diabetes. This has always been difficult due to restrictions on the purification of islands from the corpse. Stem cells are renewable cellular sources that serve as an alternative to organ or tissue transplantation. The possibility of using stem cells in the treatment of diabetes and the production of insulin-producing islets has long been of special interest to scientists in various scientific centers and is almost one of the hopes for the future control of diabetes. In animal studies, human stem cells derived from hematopoietic organs, liver, pancreas, and human embryonic stem cells are some of these cases. This article reviews the course of studies conducted in this regard.Approximately 5–10% of all diabetic individuals suffer from type 1 diabetes. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of strict glycemic control in order to reduce ophthalmologic, neurological, and renal complications of the disease. The need to use a method that can replace the lost insulin-producing cells in type 1 diabetes and thus completely cure type 1 diabetes has led scientists to use stem cells in this field. These cells have the unique property that they can potentially become any of the adult cells in the body. Stem cells can be isolated from human embryos or even adults. Theoretically, embryonic stem cells can be cultured outside the body and transform into insulin-producing cells using a variety of methods, including the use of “growth factors,” and when sufficient amounts of these cells are available. They can be used to treat any diabetic person who needs these cells. These cells can also be genetically engineered to resist the recipient's immune system and transplant rejection, which is not possible with adult stem cells. It is also possible to place these cells in a non-immunogenic agent to prevent them from being rejected by the immune system and to eliminate the need for anti-transplant drugs. An interesting recent study on stem cells in adults showed that if stem cells in the walls of pancreatic ducts in adults were cultured in the laboratory, they could be stimulated to form a true cell mass. Not only is it able to secrete insulin, but it is also able to increase or decrease the amount of secretion based on the blood sugar of the environment, which is essential for the success of the transplant. However, the most important concern about stem cell transplantation is the risk of developing cancerous tumors in the recipient, especially when embryonic stem cells are used.
  • Methods: In this review study, databases include pub med, Springer, Google Scholar, and Science direct, SID, American diabetes association; and keywords like Treatment of diabetes, stem cells, Insulin production, were used for collecting the articles. I reviewed all articles since 2001 and removed those that were not relevant to the study domain from the study process.
  • Results: Studies in animal models have shown that the grafting of stem or pluripotent stem cells can successfully cure many of our diseases, including diabetes
  • Conclusion: Although the theory of using stem cells, especially embryonic cells, for the definitive treatment of diabetes and providing an ideal treatment is very interesting, and some animal experiments are promising, after two decades of research, according to what has been said, still is not possible to use it as a common treatment for diabetes. There are still many problems and questions on the way to the ultimate goal that scientists must answer with numerous animal and laboratory experiments to re-enter the human experience and eventually, if successful, to be used as a treatment, so This method has been kept at the research level.
  • Keywords: Stem cells _ Treatment of diabetes _ Type 1 diabetes _ Insulin production