Evaluation of cancer biotechnology performance to determine new breast cancer biomarkers
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Ali Ahmadi,1,* Reza Jebraeili,2 Dariush D. Farhud,3
1. Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, Islamic Azad University Sari Branch, Sari, Iran
2. Department of Nursing, Islamic Azad University Sari Branch, Sari, Iran
3. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer in the world and the fifth leading cause of cancer. Deaths worldwide In 2020, breast cancer due to the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic mutations was reported as one of the most common. Types of cancers are among women. The diagnosis is made by a mammogram after a test, then tissue or fluid (biopsy) is removed from the suspected area and examined under a microscope. Early detection of cancer cells spread in the blood Environmental can help a lot in the timely treatment of the disease. While the heterogeneity of breast cancer has been observed at the molecular level, cancer cells that have spread to the peripheral blood can serve as a new marker. Clinical studies have shown an association between overexpression of the HER-2 biomarker and breast cancer. The HER-2 oncogene encodes the tyrosine kinase receptor, which plays an important biomarker role in invasive breast cancer as well as a target for the treatment of the disease. Previous studies have shown increased expression of this biomarker in tumor cells. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of cancer biotechnology to determine new biomarkers of breast cancer.
- Methods: This review study was conducted in 2022 by searching for valid keywords such as Breast Neoplasm, Biological Marker, HER-2, Immunolabeling Technics, Biotechnologies invalid databases including PubMed, Elsevier, and Web of Science. Finally, 15 articles were found and 10 of them were included in our study
- Results: Cancer remains a major cause of death and a major barrier to increasing life expectancy worldwide. Worldwide, there are approximately 19.3 million new cases of cancer and approximately 10.0 million deaths from cancer by 2020 [1]. The burden of cancer and mortality is rapidly increasing, attributed to aging and population growth, along with changes in the prevalence and distribution of major cancer risk factors. Women's breast cancer is currently the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases by 2020 (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colon (10.0%), prostate (7.3%) And stomach (5.6%) are cancers and the fifth leading cause of cancer death. Identification of breast cancer biomarkers in the blood using nanomaterials Physical, chemical, optical, and electronic properties of various nanomaterials facilitated the identification of these biomarkers and performance Improve diagnosis. Diagnosis of biomarkers in the blood is relatively non-invasive and can provide useful biological information that complements imaging and immunohistochemistry.
- Conclusion: At present, the diagnosis is mainly done in a clinical laboratory. Transforming the current diagnosis into point-of-care testing methods will be of great benefit to the community, and assisting with cancer screening will lead to the discovery of more specific cancer biomarkers, as well as significantly contribute to the early detection of cancer.
- Keywords: Breast Neoplasm, Biological Marker, HER-2, Immunolabeling Technics, Biotechnologies
