Importance and Mechanism of Nanoparticles in Overcoming Drug Resistance in Cancer
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Zahra Mollaei,1,*
1. Msc of Molecular Genetic Department of Genetics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
- Introduction: Cancer is the second biggest cause of mortality worldwide and one of the most serious public health issues. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy are all examples of traditional cancer treatment methods. Nanoparticles (NPs) are scientifically defined as particles having one dimension less than 100 nm that have unique qualities not present in bulk samples of the same substance. Organic NPs, inorganic NPs, and hybrid NPs are all commonly employed in drug delivery systems. By delivering small molecules for cancer detection, diagnosis, and therapy, nanotechnology has ushered in a potential new era of cancer treatment. Cancer therapies based on the unique characteristics of NPs are widely used in the therapeutic setting for a variety of cancer types. The purpose of this review article is to investigate the importance and mechanism of NPs in overcoming drug resistance in cancer.
- Methods: This study looked into the role of NPs in overcoming drug resistance in cancer, and it used scientific databases including Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, and PubMed.
- Results: The results showed the role of NPs in drug resistance overcoming one of the most serious issues in cancer treatment and management is drug resistance. It is present in all types of cancer and all therapeutic options. When diseases develop resistance to pharmaceutical therapies, this is known as drug resistance. There are two types of drug resistance: 1) intrinsic and 2) acquired. Pre-existing mutations in genes involved in cell proliferation or death are the most common cause of innate resistance. Acquired resistance in the form of resistance that develops after specific anti-tumor treatment, and can be caused by the emergence of additional mutations or changes in the TME during treatment. Nanoparticles can also be employed to combat cancer-related treatment resistance because of their amazing ability to co-encapsulate several therapeutic molecules.
- Conclusion: In conclusion, NPs are an ideal platform for combination therapy, which aids in the treatment of MDR infections. Several forms of NPs, such as polymeric NPs, metallic NPs, and hybrid NPs, have shown better drug delivery efficacy as a result of increased research. Researchers must pay close attention to the qualities of therapeutic medicines as well as the attributes of the nominated nanoplatforms. More NP-based therapies can be used as proteomics research on the "mechanism of cancer origin, MDR, incidence" growing. Only a few NP-based medications are in use, a few more are in clinical trials, and the most are still in the exploratory stage, despite the massive amount of research. More effort should be put into "understanding toxicity, cellular and physiological parameters that influence NP-based medication administration, EPR, and PC mechanism" in the human body for rational nanotechnology design. Based on the information presented above, we believe that nanotechnology and cancer therapy development will lead to a revolution in clinical translation for NP-based cancer therapy.
- Keywords: Nanoparticles, cancer, Drug Resistance, Nanoplatforms
